Prismatic and pouch cells are popular designs of lithium-based batteries. These cells power most consumer electronics. These cells impact the performance, safety, design, and cost of electric devices. But what are their differences, and which is better? This article has the answers.
What Is a Prismatic Cell
Prismatic cells became popular in the early 1990s. Modern prismatic cells come in stylish packages that resemble a box. However, some designs use a flat shape for thinner battery sizes. These cells have negative and positive terminals and an electrolyte compound.
Manufacturers weld these cells in aluminum or steel casing. They do not have a general shape; each manufacturer designs their own.
Prismatic cells power large household devices. You can find these cells inside these gadgets:
- Electric vehicles
- Power tools (electric drills and saws)
- Laptops
- Tablets
- Smartphone batteries
- Electric lawn mowers
- Uninterruptible power supply (UPS) systems
Pros of Prismatic Cells
High Energy Density
The energy density is the amount of charge a battery can store compared to its size. Compact prismatic cells can hold a lot of power. Prismatic cell devices can run for longer periods between charges. Also, this quality allows manufacturers to produce portable devices like phones and tablets.
Longer Cycle Life
Cycle life is the number of charges and discharges a battery can endure before weakening. Prismatic cells can handle more charge and discharge before becoming less efficient. This advantage is helpful for devices we charge constantly, like mobile phones. These cells have a long lifespan and do not need frequent replacements.
Strong and Lasting
Their rigid structure makes these cells durable. The outer casing protects the battery components. Prismatic cells can endure physical impact and stress. So, they are ideal for devices that must endure rough handling, everyday use, or vibration.
Better Heat Management
Heat management is necessary to produce safe and effective batteries. Heat can leave prismatic cells through their casing. So devices with high power output can operate without damage to the battery. Also, this quality allows devices to work well in hot weather.
Cons of Prismatic Cells
Higher Cost
Compared to pouch cells, prismatic cells cost more to manufacture. These cells need special casing and electrode materials that cost more. As a result, prismatic cell gadgets may have a higher price tag.
Size and Shape Limitations
Unlike pouch cells, prismatic cells have fixed shapes and sizes. So, they may not fit into devices or designs with unusual battery shapes or sizes. This limitation can restrict design flexibility.
Weight
Prismatic cells weigh more than pouch cells due to the weight of their components. Battery load can reduce device performance and make it inconvenient to carry around. This extra weight is a concern in drones and wearable devices that must be portable.
What Is a Pouch Cell
Pouch cells were introduced in 1995. Battery manufacturers weld foil tabs to the electrodes to make these cells. They then seal the cells' components in an aluminum film.
This packaging style creates a simple, flexible, and lightweight battery design. There is no standard pouch cell, as each manufacturer designs its own.
You can find these cells in many consumer electronics, such as:
- Laptops
- Smartphones
- Tablets
- E-cigarettes
- Power banks
- Wearable devices (smartwatch and smart glasses)
- Medical devices
- Solar panels
Pros of Pouch Cells
Lightweight
Pouch cells weigh less than prismatic cells. This lightweight feature helps make devices that are easy to carry around. Also, this advantage can enhance device efficiency.
Cheaper
These cells need fewer parts and are less expensive than prismatic cells. As a result, pouch cell products are affordable and widespread.
Effective Heat Control
The flexible casing allows heat to leave the battery's cell. This feature helps to promote good battery lifespan, performance, and safety.
Adaptable Use
You can find pouch cells in small wearables or larger systems like electric vehicles. These cells can meet various power needs, making them adaptable.
Increased Versatility
Pouch cells are more flexible than other cell types. So, they are a good choice for custom-shaped devices. Manufacturers can make them in various shapes and sizes. So, pouch cell batteries can fit into tiny or custom-shaped products.
Cons of Pouch Cells
Shorter Lifespan
These cells have a shorter cycle life and cannot handle too many charges and discharges. So they may become weak with time. As a result, they need more frequent replacements or maintenance. This is a major drawback for equipment that needs long-lasting power sources.
Fragile Against Hits
Pouch cells are more prone to physical damage from punctures and strikes. Unlike prismatic cells, they lack a solid safety casing. This weakness is a challenge when the battery must endure vibration and stress. Such conditions can damage the battery, causing it to short-circuit or leak. As a result, pouch cells are unreliable in high-impact situations.
Safety Concerns
Pouch cells can swell under high temperatures or due to overcharging. This swelling may cause harmful chemicals to leak. Manufacturers reduce this risk by managing the cells' heat and pressure. Yet, pouch cells need careful handling.
Comparing Prismatic vs. Pouch Cells
How do prismatic vs. pouch cells compare against each other? Consider the table below:
|
Aspect |
Prismatic Cells |
Pouch Cells |
|
Shape |
Rectangular shape |
Flexible shape, like a flat pouch |
|
Advantages |
Strong outer protection, lasts longer |
Lighter, can fit different shapes |
|
Disadvantages |
Can be heavy and rigid |
Can get damaged due to punctures or crushing forces |
|
Best for |
Devices like electric cars and laptops |
Devices with unique designs, like smartwatches and earbuds |
|
Safety |
Generally safe |
May need careful handling due to the potential risk of damage |
|
Longevity |
Can last a long time |
May need replacement sooner |
|
Cost |
Can be more expensive |
Usually less expensive than prismatic cell |
Which Should You Choose: Prismatic or Pouch Cells?
The debate between prismatic and pouch cells ultimately depends on the intended use case. If you prioritize durability and long battery life, prismatic cells are the better choice due to their robust construction and longevity.
However, pouch cells offer more adaptable designs and come at a lower cost. Your decision should be based on the device’s specific requirements and the trade-offs you are willing to make. Consider factors such as shape and size, weight and volume, cost, manufacturing flexibility, and durability when choosing a cell design.
Conclusion
Prismatic and pouch cells power most of our electronic gadgets today. But which is better? This article compared these two popular designs of lithium-based batteries. Ultimately, your choice of battery design will depend on the outcome you prefer. You can learn more about cells and shop for high-quality batteries from our website.
