Lithium batteries are everywhere today. Many laptops, mobile phones, power banks, and power stations have lithium batteries in them. Of course, they also power vehicles and boats. 

With its many applications, lithium batteries are sometimes exposed to moisture or wetness. If you install the battery system outdoors, you can see how your battery can become wet. But what happens when your lithium battery is wet? And how can you ensure your battery’s safety? We will discuss the topics in this article. 

What Happens if a Lithium Battery Gets Wet?

A general rule is that lithium batteries and water don’t mix. It’s one reason why some gadgets go bad after being exposed to water. However, there is more to this answer. Why is it a terrible idea to expose your battery to moisture?

Understanding Lithium Batteries

Like other battery designs, a lithium battery needs two electrodes and an electrolyte. The anode and cathode are the negative and positive electrodes. Lithium ions flow along the terminals when the battery is being charged or discharged. 

This movement of ions in the electrolyte creates an electric current. The battery casing contains these components. Battery makers try to protect this casing from water. Otherwise, you can imagine the danger when electricity mixes with water. 

The Impact of Water on Lithium Batteries

The battery electrolyte is a mix of salt in a solvent. This solvent is non-aqueous(not water-based). So, when the electrolyte contacts water, hydrogen gas starts to form. This reaction releases so much energy and can trigger an explosion or fire.

In some cases, there could be a different reaction upon contact with water. The cathode or anode terminals can oxidize. This oxidation will reduce the battery’s capacity and lifespan. Either way, it’s a terrible idea to expose your battery to water.

The Potential Danger of Water Exposure

Lithium batteries can undergo many dangerous effects when exposed to water. These include:

• Short-Circuiting: Water can cause a short circuit in the battery. This leads to overheating, fire, or even an explosion.
• Corrosion: Water is corrosive in nature. So it can cause the battery's internal components to rust. Thus leading to reduced performance or a complete failure.
• Electrolyte Leakage: If the casing gets damaged, the caustic electrolyte solution will seep out of the battery. This poses a serious health danger to anyone who comes into contact with it.

You should know when water may come into contact with lithium batteries. This is to avoid these damages. They include:

• Accidental Spills: Accidental spills may happen when you’re not paying attention. The battery can contact a few drops of water in the process. 
• Submersion in Water: It’s a more serious issue when your battery falls into the water. This could be due to using them near a boat or pool. However, group 31 batteries can withstand this type of exposure to water. Other battery types may be damaged with this type of exposure. 
• Rainfall: Sometimes, you may be camping outdoors with your power station or battery. Then it starts to rain. A few raindrops will touch your battery if it is uncovered. 

Waterproofing Techniques for Lithium Batteries

If you must use it in water, be sure the waterproof battery case is in good shape. Waterproofing is essential to prevent damage to batteries. Many methods and technologies are used to waterproof lithium batteries, including:

• Coatings: Water would usually settle into the tiny spaces found on the casing and cause it to rust. But water will slide off the casing when you coat it. Battery makers take special care to seal off water-resistant battery models. 
• Sealing: Having a rubber cover placed around the case to keep water out is a way to protect it. Many lithium batteries that have gaskets or seals are able to keep water out. An example of this is our LiFePO4 battery.
• Water-Resistant Casing: It is good if a lithium battery has a water-resistant casing. The casing protects it from moisture damage.

Waterproofing lithium batteries can reduce the risks associated with water exposure, including:

• Extended Battery Life: Waterproofing helps to protect the battery against rust and corrosion. This will prolong the battery life.
• Increased Safety: Waterproofing lowers the chance of water damage. This will allow you to use your battery as you please. 

We will now talk about areas where waterproof batteries are in demand. 

Industries and Applications for Waterproof Batteries

Waterproof lithium batteries are crucial in many industries including:

• On Boats and Electric Vehicles: You cannot avoid water exposure on a boat. Also, electric vehicles are exposed to dust and moisture. So, you need waterproof lithium batteries for such purposes.
• For Military Operations: Some military operations are underwater. In such times, waterproofed lithium batteries are needed.
• Outdoor Events: Waterproof batteries can help power outdoor equipment. So you don’t have to worry about the negative effects of humidity or dust. You can order these batteries online.

Case Studies and Real-World Examples

Unfortunately, wet lithium batteries have caused many accidents in the past. In extreme cases, these batteries can catch fire and explode. Sadly, this scenario has happened and led to damage and sometimes death. 

Such tragic situations have caused the authorities to enforce strict battery standards in some industries. Also, lithium batteries are a lot safer since their early days. Still, you should exercise care when dealing with wet batteries. 

Safety Precautions and Best Practices

Rechargeable lithium-ion batteries need to be maintained with regular care. Here are some tips for preventing water damage to lithium batteries in different scenarios:

Storage

• Keep lithium batteries in a dry, airy place. 
• Store batteries in a room away from heat sources and direct sunlight.
• Keep batteries in a bag to protect them from water.

Transportation

• Stow them so that they won't move while transported. 
• Wrap each one, then use an electrical tape to insulate the terminals. 
• To prevent conduction, keep lithium batteries away from metal things.

Usage

• Do not overcharge lithium batteries. This can increase their temperature and leave them more vulnerable to water damage.
• Clean and dry devices that use lithium batteries. Do this especially when they have been in contact with water.
• Never try to dry a lithium battery on your own if it has come into contact with water. Seek help from a certified technician instead.

It is important to follow manufacturer guidelines for the safe handling of lithium batteries.

Manufacturers of lithium batteries have years of experience in the field. They have a full understanding of the unique constraints associated with their batteries. So you can use the batteries in the safest and most efficient manner if you go by their guidelines.

Safety Tips for Dealing With Wet Lithium Battery

You should look through these safety precautions while handling lithium batteries that has been affected by water:

The first step helps the battery dry. In case of spills, you can dry the battery with a dry cloth. If the battery is dipped in water, you may have to wait until the battery is fully dry. Never try to recharge a wet battery.

If possible, let the battery run down to drain any residual power. This will stop more harm from occurring and lower the chance of a fire or explosion. 

In some situations, the wet battery may be fully damaged. A professional electrician can assess the health of your soaked battery. You can dispose of bad batteries at the correct recycling plant or waste center. 

Future Developments and Research Directions

Current research focuses on areas to increase the water resistance of lithium batteries. Experts are working on coatings that will keep water from the battery's shell. These coatings are made of new and improved substances that will effectively stop water.

The creation of self-healing materials for lithium batteries is another field of study. When damaged, these materials may repair themselves. Thus keeping water from getting inside the battery.

Also, there has been progress on the development of solid state batteries. These cells use solid electrodes and a solid electrolyte. As a result, they are safer and less prone to water damage. Some studies are looking to make completely waterproof and flexible batteries made of plastic.

So you can expect that more sectors will start using lithium batteries. Also, these batteries will be much safer when they contact water. 

Conclusion

It is dangerous to have water in your lithium battery. The longer your battery stays exposed to water, the more damage it suffers. The same goes for the amount of water exposure. It can even lead to an explosion.

There is ongoing research to improve the water-resistance of lithium batteries. Until then, you should follow manufacturer guidelines and preventative measures to reduce damages. If you must use water-resistant batteries, then our group 31 models are your best bet.